最新消息:

51单片机 – 矩阵按键

51单片机 304浏览 0评论

原理图

按键抖动
按键抖动必然存在,一般在10ms左右,采用定时器定期扫描,连续16ms按键状态一致,可以判定按键按下或者抬起状态。
单按键扫描
按键控制数码管显示,按一次,显示数字加一,0到9循环往复,代码:

#include <reg52.h>
 
sbit ADDR0 = P1^0;
sbit ADDR1 = P1^1;
sbit ADDR2 = P1^2;
sbit ADDR3 = P1^3;
sbit ENLED = P1^4;
sbit KEY1 = P2^4;
sbit KEY2 = P2^5;
sbit KEY3 = P2^6;
sbit KEY4 = P2^7;
unsigned char code LedChar[] = { //数码管显示字符转换表
0xC0, 0xF9, 0xA4, 0xB0, 0x99, 0x92, 0x82, 0xF8,
0x80, 0x90, 0x88, 0x83, 0xC6, 0xA1, 0x86, 0x8E
};
bit KeySta = 1; //当前按键状态,初始状态是高电平,即按键抬起
unsigned char THR0,TLR0;
void ConfigTimer(unsigned long ms);
void main()
{
	unsigned char cnt = 0; //保存按键按下次数,显示在数码管上
	bit backup = 1;   //用于保留上一次按键状态,初始值为1,按键抬起;
	ENLED = 0;
	ADDR3 = 1;
	ADDR2 = 0;
	ADDR1 = 0;
	ADDR0 = 0;
	ConfigTimer(1);	 //计算定时1ms,需要赋的初值,存在在 THR0,TLR0中
	TMOD = TMOD & 0xF0;
	TMOD = TMOD | 0x01;	//设置定时器模式1 ,不影响高四位
	TH0 = THR0;	 //定时器赋初值
	TL0 = TLR0;
	EA = 1;     //使能总中断
	ET0= 1;		//使能T0中断
	TR0 = 1;    //启动定时器T0
	P2 = 0xF7; //P2.3 置 0,即 KeyOut1 输出低电平
	P0 = LedChar[cnt]; //显示按键次数初值
	while(1)
	{
		if(KeySta != backup)  //当前按键状态和上次按键状态不一致,有按键动作发生
		{
			if(KeySta == 0)   //如果当前为0,说明为按下动作
			{
				cnt++;
				if(cnt==10)
				cnt = 0;
				P0 = LedChar[cnt];
			}
			backup = KeySta;      //更新上一次按键状态
		}
	}
}
void ConfigTimer(unsigned long ms)
{
	unsigned long temp;
	temp = 65536 - ms*11059200/1000/12;	//ms最大定时71ms
	THR0 = (unsigned char)(temp>>8);	    //取计数值高八位 ,计数值不会超过65535,最多占用16位。
	TLR0 = (char)temp; 					//取计数值低八位				 
}
void  InterruptTimer0() interrupt 1	      //每间隔1ms,点亮点整中的某一排,循环往复不停歇
{
	static unsigned char keybuf = 0xff;	  //按键状态保存区
	TH0 = THR0;	 //定时器赋初值
	TL0 = TLR0;
	keybuf = (keybuf<<1)|KEY4;
	if(keybuf == 0x00)
	{
		KeySta = 0;   //按键已经按下
	}
	else if(keybuf == 0xff)
	{
		KeySta = 1;    //按键已经抬起
	}
	else			   //其他杂乱状态,保留原来按键状态,不更新
	{}
	
}

矩阵按键
每1ms扫描一行按键,4ms扫描完所有按键。如果4次扫描状态一致,可以确定按键状态(也就是12ms内状态一致)。

功能:一共4行4列,16个按键,按下对应按键,显示对应数字。
代码:

#include <reg52.h>
 
sbit ADDR0 = P1^0;
sbit ADDR1 = P1^1;
sbit ADDR2 = P1^2;
sbit ADDR3 = P1^3;
sbit ENLED = P1^4;
sbit KEY_IN_1 = P2^4;
sbit KEY_IN_2 = P2^5;
sbit KEY_IN_3 = P2^6;
sbit KEY_IN_4 = P2^7;
sbit KEY_OUT_1 = P2^3;
sbit KEY_OUT_2 = P2^2;
sbit KEY_OUT_3 = P2^1;
sbit KEY_OUT_4 = P2^0;
unsigned char code LedChar[] = { 						//数码管显示字符转换表
0xC0, 0xF9, 0xA4, 0xB0, 0x99, 0x92, 0x82, 0xF8,
0x80, 0x90, 0x88, 0x83, 0xC6, 0xA1, 0x86, 0x8E
};
unsigned char KeySta[4][4] = { 							//全部矩阵按键的当前状态
{1, 1, 1, 1}, {1, 1, 1, 1}, {1, 1, 1, 1}, {1, 1, 1, 1}
};
unsigned char THR0,TLR0;
void ConfigTimer(unsigned long ms);
void main()
{
	unsigned char i,j;
	unsigned char backup[4][4]={
	{1,1,1,1}, {1,1,1,1},{1,1,1,1},{1,1,1,1}
	};
	ENLED = 0;
	ADDR3 = 1;
	ADDR2 = 0;
	ADDR1 = 0;
	ADDR0 = 0;
	ConfigTimer(1);	 //计算定时1ms,需要赋的初值,存在在 THR0,TLR0中
	TMOD = TMOD & 0xF0;
	TMOD = TMOD | 0x01;	//设置定时器模式1 ,不影响高四位
	TH0 = THR0;	 //定时器赋初值
	TL0 = TLR0;
	EA = 1;     //使能总中断
	ET0= 1;		//使能T0中断
	TR0 = 1;    //启动定时器T0
	P0 = LedChar[0];   //数码管默认显示0
	while(1)
	{
		for(i=0;i<4;i++)
		{
			for(j=0;j<4;j++)
			{
				if(KeySta[i][j]!=backup[i][j])  //当前按键状态和之前按键状态不一致,证明按键已经按下或者抬起
				{
					if(KeySta[i][j]==0)          //如果当前按键状态为0,说明按键按下;在此我们只对按键按下动作响应
					{
						P0 = LedChar[i*4+j];
					}
					backup[i][j]=KeySta[i][j];	 //保存当前按键状态
				}
			}
		}
	}
}
void ConfigTimer(unsigned long ms)
{
	unsigned long temp;
	temp = 65536 - ms*11059200/1000/12;	//ms最大定时71ms
	THR0 = (unsigned char)(temp>>8);	    //取计数值高八位 ,计数值不会超过65535,最多占用16位。
	TLR0 = (char)temp; 					//取计数值低八位				 
}
void  InterruptTimer0() interrupt 1	      
{
	static unsigned char keyout = 0;
	unsigned char i;
	static unsigned char keybuf[4][4]={
	{0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff},{0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff},{0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff},{0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff}
	};
	TH0 = THR0;
	TL0 = TLR0;
	keybuf[keyout][0] = (keybuf[keyout][0]<<1)| KEY_IN_1;
	keybuf[keyout][1] = (keybuf[keyout][1]<<1)| KEY_IN_2;
	keybuf[keyout][2] = (keybuf[keyout][2]<<1)| KEY_IN_3;
	keybuf[keyout][3] = (keybuf[keyout][3]<<1)| KEY_IN_4;
	for(i=0;i<=3;i++)
	{
		if((keybuf[keyout][i]&0x0f)==0x00)
		{
			KeySta[keyout][i]=0;
		}
		else if((keybuf[keyout][i]&0x0f)==0x0f)
		{
			KeySta[keyout][i]=1;
		}
		else
		{}
	}
	keyout++;
	if(keyout>=4)
	{keyout=0;}
	switch(keyout)							 //扫描下一行
	{
		case 0:	KEY_OUT_4=1;KEY_OUT_1=0;break;
		case 1:	KEY_OUT_1=1;KEY_OUT_2=0;break;
		case 2:	KEY_OUT_2=1;KEY_OUT_3=0;break;
		case 3:	KEY_OUT_3=1;KEY_OUT_4=0;break;
		default:break;
	}
 
}

简易加法器:
说明:按键显示对应数字在数码管;按键上代替加号,按键按键代替加号,Esc按键清零。

代码:

#include <reg52.h>
 
sbit ADDR0 = P1^0;
sbit ADDR1 = P1^1;
sbit ADDR2 = P1^2;
sbit ADDR3 = P1^3;
sbit ENLED = P1^4;
sbit KEY_IN_1 = P2^4;
sbit KEY_IN_2 = P2^5;
sbit KEY_IN_3 = P2^6;
sbit KEY_IN_4 = P2^7;
sbit KEY_OUT_1 = P2^3;
sbit KEY_OUT_2 = P2^2;
sbit KEY_OUT_3 = P2^1;
sbit KEY_OUT_4 = P2^0;
unsigned char code LedChar[] = { 						//数码管显示字符转换表
0xC0, 0xF9, 0xA4, 0xB0, 0x99, 0x92, 0x82, 0xF8,
0x80, 0x90, 0x88, 0x83, 0xC6, 0xA1, 0x86, 0x8E
};
unsigned char LedBuff[6]={0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff}; //数码管显示缓冲区 
unsigned char code KeyCodeMap[4][4] = { //矩阵按键编号到标准键盘键码的映射表
{ 0x31, 0x32, 0x33, 0x26 }, //数字键 1、数字键 2、数字键 3、向上键
{ 0x34, 0x35, 0x36, 0x25 }, //数字键 4、数字键 5、数字键 6、向左键
{ 0x37, 0x38, 0x39, 0x28 }, //数字键 7、数字键 8、数字键 9、向下键
{ 0x30, 0x1B, 0x0D, 0x27 } //数字键 0、ESC 键、 回车键、 向右键
};        
unsigned char KeySta[4][4] = { 							//全部矩阵按键的当前状态
{1, 1, 1, 1}, {1, 1, 1, 1}, {1, 1, 1, 1}, {1, 1, 1, 1}
};
 
 
unsigned char THR0,TLR0;
void KeyDriver();
void ConfigTimer(unsigned long ms);
void main()
{
	EA = 1;     //使能总中断
	ENLED = 0;
	ADDR3 = 1;
	ConfigTimer(1);	 //计算定时1ms,需要赋的初值,存在在 THR0,TLR0中
	TMOD = TMOD & 0xF0;
	TMOD = TMOD | 0x01;	//设置定时器模式1 ,不影响高四位
	TH0 = THR0;	 //定时器赋初值
	TL0 = TLR0;
	ET0= 1;		//使能T0中断
	TR0 = 1;    //启动定时器T0
	LedBuff[0] = LedChar[0];   //数码管默认显示0
	while(1)
	{
	   KeyDriver();
	}
}
void ConfigTimer(unsigned long ms)
{
	unsigned long temp;
	temp = 65536 - ms*11059200/1000/12;	//ms最大定时71ms
	THR0 = (unsigned char)(temp>>8);	    //取计数值高八位 ,计数值不会超过65535,最多占用16位。
	TLR0 = (char)temp; 					//取计数值低八位				 
}
void ShowNumber(unsigned long num)
{
	 signed char i;
	 unsigned char buf[6];   //将num六位数字按顺序放入buf数组中
	 for(i=0;i<=5;i++)
	 {
	 	buf[i]=num%10;
		num = num/10;
	 }
	 for(i=5;i>=1;i--)			 //从高位到低位依次扫描,直到某一位不为0
	 {
	 	if(buf[i]==0)
		{
			LedBuff[i]=0xff;     //如果高位为0,则关闭此对应数码管显示,否则跳出,保留buf[]中不为0的下角标在i中
		}
		else
		{
			break;
		}
	 }
	 for(;i>=0;i--)
	 {
	 	LedBuff[i]=LedChar[buf[i]];    //将各位数字取出,转换成数码管显示字符放入公有数组变量LedBuff[6]中
	 }
}
void KeyAction(unsigned char keycode)
{
	static unsigned long result = 0;
	static unsigned long addend = 0;
	if((keycode>=0x30)&&(keycode<=0x39))    //输入的是数字
	{
		addend = (addend*10)+(keycode-0x30);	 //将原有数字顶上去
		ShowNumber(addend);
	}
	else if(keycode == 0x26)     //上键,执行加法操作
	{
		result += addend;		 //将上一个数字addend存在result中,清空addend,等待下一次数字
		addend = 0;
		ShowNumber(result);
	}
	else if(keycode == 0x0D)	  //回车键,作用和上键等同
	{
		result += addend;		 //将上一个数字addend存在result中,清空addend,等待下一次数字
		addend = 0;
		ShowNumber(result);	
	}
	else if(keycode == 0x1B)         //esc键,清零
	{
		addend = 0;
		result = 0;
		ShowNumber(addend);
	}
}
void KeyDriver()  
{
	unsigned char i,j;
	static unsigned char backup[4][4]={				    //一定定义成静态,否则bug
	{1,1,1,1}, {1,1,1,1},{1,1,1,1},{1,1,1,1}
	};
	 for(i=0;i<4;i++)
	{
		for(j=0;j<4;j++)
		{
			if(KeySta[i][j]!=backup[i][j])  //当前按键状态和之前按键状态不一致,证明按键已经按下或者抬起
			{
				if(KeySta[i][j]==0)          //如果当前按键状态为0,说明按键按下;在此我们只对按键按下动作响应
				{
					KeyAction(KeyCodeMap[i][j]);  //将对应的按键转换成标准键盘码传入KeyAction中,根据传入的键盘码执行相应动作
				}
				backup[i][j]=KeySta[i][j];	 //保存当前按键状态
			}
		}
	}
}
 
 
 
void LedScan()
{
	static unsigned char i = 0;
	P0=0xff;
	switch(i)
	{
		case 0: ADDR2=0;ADDR1=0;ADDR0=0;P0=LedBuff[i];i++;break;
		case 1: ADDR2=0;ADDR1=0;ADDR0=1;P0=LedBuff[i];i++;break;
		case 2: ADDR2=0;ADDR1=1;ADDR0=0;P0=LedBuff[i];i++;break;
		case 3: ADDR2=0;ADDR1=1;ADDR0=1;P0=LedBuff[i];i++;break;
		case 4: ADDR2=1;ADDR1=0;ADDR0=0;P0=LedBuff[i];i++;break;
		case 5: ADDR2=1;ADDR1=0;ADDR0=1;P0=LedBuff[i];i=0;break;
		default:break;
	}
}
void KeyScan()
{
	static unsigned char keyout = 0;
	unsigned char i;
	static unsigned char keybuf[4][4]={
	{0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff},{0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff},{0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff},{0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff}
	};
	keybuf[keyout][0] = (keybuf[keyout][0]<<1)| KEY_IN_1;
	keybuf[keyout][1] = (keybuf[keyout][1]<<1)| KEY_IN_2;
	keybuf[keyout][2] = (keybuf[keyout][2]<<1)| KEY_IN_3;
	keybuf[keyout][3] = (keybuf[keyout][3]<<1)| KEY_IN_4;
	for(i=0;i<=3;i++)
	{
		if((keybuf[keyout][i]&0x0f)==0x00)
		{
			KeySta[keyout][i]=0;
		}
		else if((keybuf[keyout][i]&0x0f)==0x0f)
		{
			KeySta[keyout][i]=1;
		}
		else
		{}
	}
	keyout++;
	if(keyout>=4)
	{keyout=0;}
	switch(keyout)							 //扫描下一行
	{
		case 0:	KEY_OUT_4=1;KEY_OUT_1=0;break;
		case 1:	KEY_OUT_1=1;KEY_OUT_2=0;break;
		case 2:	KEY_OUT_2=1;KEY_OUT_3=0;break;
		case 3:	KEY_OUT_3=1;KEY_OUT_4=0;break;
		default:break;
	}		
}
void  InterruptTimer0() interrupt 1	      
{
   TH0=THR0;
   TL0=TLR0;
   LedScan();
   KeyScan();
}

您必须 登录 才能发表评论!